The Apache Web Server is a very popular choice for serving web pages. While many alternatives have appeared in the last few years, Apache remains a powerful option that is recommended for most uses. Issue the following command to install Apache:
apt-get install apache2
Now we'll configure virtual hosting so that we can host multiple domains (or subdomains) with the server. These websites can be controlled by different users, or by a single user, as you prefer.
Configure Virtual Hosting
There are different ways to set up virtual hosts, however we recommend the method below. By default, Apache listens on all IP addresses available to it. We must configure it to listen only on addresses we specify. Even if you only have one IP, it is still a good idea to tell Apache what IP address to listen on in case you decide to add more.
Begin by modifying the NameVirtualHost entry in /etc/apache2/ports.conf as follows:
File excerpt:/etc/apache2/ports.conf
NameVirtualHost 12.34.56.78:80
Be sure to replace "12.34.56.78" with your IP address. Now, modify the default site's virtual hosting in the file /etc/apache2/sites-available/default so that the
File excerpt:/etc/apache2/sites-available/default
<VirtualHost 12.34.56.78:80>
Configure Name-based Virtual Hosts First, create a file in the /etc/apache2/sites-available/ directory for each virtual host that you want to set up. Name each file with the domain for which you want to provide virtual hosting. See the following example configurations for the hypothetical "example.com" and "example.org" domains. Substitute your own domain names for those shown below. File:/etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com
<VirtualHost 12.34.56.78:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
DocumentRoot /srv/www/example.com/public_html/
ErrorLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/error.log
CustomLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
File:/etc/apache2/sites-available/example.org
<VirtualHost 12.34.56.78:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@example.org
ServerName example.org
ServerAlias www.example.org
DocumentRoot /srv/www/example.org/public_html/
ErrorLog /srv/www/example.org/logs/error.log
CustomLog /srv/www/example.org/logs/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Notes regarding this example configuration:
All of the files for the sites that you host will be located in directories that exist underneath /srv/www. You can symbolically link these directories into other locations if you need them to exist in other places.
ErrorLog and CustomLog entries are suggested for more fine-grained logging, but are not required. If they are defined (as shown above), the logs directories must be created before you restart Apache.
Before you can use the above configuration, you'll need to create the specified directories. For the above configuration, you can do this with the following commands. Substitute your own domain names for those shown below.
mkdir -p /srv/www/example.com/public_html
mkdir /srv/www/example.com/logs
mkdir -p /srv/www/example.org/public_html
mkdir /srv/www/example.org/logs
After you've set up your virtual hosts, issue the following commands:
a2ensite example.com
a2ensite example.org
This command symbolically links your virtual host file from sites-available to the sites-enabled directory. Finally, before you can access your sites you must reload Apache with the following command:
/etc/init.d/apache2 reload
Assuming that you have configured the DNS for your domain to point to your IP address, Virtual hosting for your domain should now work.
The a2dissite command is the inverse of a2ensite. For example, if you wanted to disable the example.com site, you would issue the following command:
a2dissite example.com
After enabling, disabling, or modifying any part of your Apache configuration, you will need to reload the Apache configuration again with the "/etc/init.d/apache2 reload" command. You can create as many virtual hosting files as you need to support the domains that you want to host.
Install and Configure the MySQL Database Server
MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) and is a popular component of web development tool-chains. It is used to store data for many popular applications, including Wordpress and Drupal.
Install MySQL
The first step is to install the mysql-server package, which is accomplished by the following command:
apt-get install mysql-server
During the installation you will be prompted for a password. Choose something secure (use letters, numbers, and non-alphanumeric characters) and record it for future reference.
At this point MySQL should be ready to configure and run. While you shouldn't need to change the configuration file, note that it is located at /etc/mysql/my.cnf for future reference.
Configure MySQL and Set Up Databases
After installing MySQL, it's recommended that you run mysql_secure_installation, a program that helps secure MySQL. While running mysql_secure_installation, you will be presented with the opportunity to change the MySQL root password, remove anonymous user accounts, disable root logins outside of localhost, and remove test databases. It is recommended that you answer yes to these options. If you are prompted to reload the privilege tables, select yes. Run the following command to execute the program:
mysql_secure_installation
Next, you may create a database and grant your users permissions to use databases. First, log in to MySQL:
mysql -u root -p
Enter MySQL's root password, and you'll be presented with a MySQL prompt where you can issue SQL statements to interact with the database. To create a database and grant your users permissions on it, issue the following command. Note, the semi-colons (;) at the end of the lines are crucial for ending the commands. Your command should look like this:
create database ex_db;
grant all on ex_db.* to 'ex_db_admin' identified by 'ex_db_admin_password';
flush privileges;
In the example above, "lollipop" is the name of the database, "foreman" is the username, and "5t1ck" is the password (without the quotes). Note that database user names and passwords are only used by scripts connecting to the database, and that database user account names need not (and perhaps should not) represent actual user accounts on the system. With that completed, you've successfully configured MySQL and you may now pass these database credentials on to your users. To exit the MySQL database administration utility issue the following command:
quit
With Apache and MySQL installed you are now ready to move on to installing PHP to provide scripting support for your web pages.
Install and Configure PHP
PHP makes it possible to produce dynamic and interactive pages using your own scripts and popular web development frameworks. Furthermore, many popular web applications like WordPress are written in PHP. If you want to be able to develop your websites using PHP, you must first install it.
Ubuntu includes packages for installing PHP from the terminal. Issue the following command:
apt-get install php5 php-pear
Once PHP5 is installed, you'll need to tune the configuration file located in /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini to enable more descriptive errors, logging, and better performance. These modifications provide a good starting point if you're unfamiliar with PHP configuration. Make sure that the following values are set, and relevant lines are uncommented (comments are lines beginning with a semi-colon (;)):
File excerpt:/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
max_execution_time = 30
memory_limit = 64M
error_reporting = E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR
display_errors = Off
log_errors = On
error_log = /var/log/php.log
register_globals = Off
After making changes to the PHP configuration file, restart Apache by issuing the following command:
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
If you need support for MySQL in PHP, then you must install the php5-mysql package with the following command:
apt-get install php5-mysql
To install the php5-suhosin package, which provides additional security for PHP 5 applications (recommended), issue the following command:
apt-get install php5-suhosin
Restart Apache to make sure everything is loaded correctly:
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
Congratulations! That's it!
No comments:
Post a Comment